Describe the role that played in making politics and culture in Essay

Depict the job that played in making governmental issues and culture in Sparta, Athens and the Roman Republic unique in relation to Sumer and Egypt - Essay Example Right off the bat, each network relies on its water system and development designs. Discussing Greeks, it was denoted that at first, there were numerous troubles in embraced reaping and development due to the poor condition of the dirt. It was one reason that the individuals stays poor. Consequently, work abilities were favored as a mean of bringing in cash. It was noticed that the climate of Greek fit the populace by enormous as they were less wiped out and dynamic in their schedules. Moreover, Greek was encircled by high ranges and mountains. It was because of this explanation that Greek didn't have the danger of adversaries who needed to overcome the land through the mountains. Simultaneously, there was a need of successful water system strategy for which backing of various gatherings was required. Little gatherings had their influence so that the local individuals got adherence to the democrat method of control. Athens is significantly known for its entrance to the water framework including streams, oceans and islands. It is because of this explanation that Athenians were known for exchange and investigation. It ought to be noticed that the city-state arrangement of Athens permitted the legislative issues of the locale generally more grounded and successful. It was on the grounds that there was equivalent portrayal given to the individuals from each gathering instead of control of one individual over the majority with no reasonable capability of administration. Then again, Sparta was in the south where it didn't get the entrance to the water frameworks. It was because of this explanation that the political associations in Sparta depended on severe international strategies. It was looking like legitimate position on the open strategies for which portrayal was brought together. It implied that the concentrated portrayal needed to attempt choice concerning relations with different networks or t he countries. Individuals of Sparta are notable in the history for being very solid fighters. They gave

The Socio-Cultural impacts of late night tourists on residents of Ayia Essay

The Socio-Cultural effects generally night visitors on occupants of Ayia Napa - Essay Example After the 1974 war in Cyprus, Ayia Napa has created from being a little angling town to one of Europe’s best goals. During the time it has encountered a blend of changes in the travel industry socioeconomics, by pulling in guests keen on the neighborhood culture twenty years back to guests who are for the most part keen on clubbing now. This new inflow of mass the travel industry has influenced the socio-social way of life of the town. Late night sightseers are the guests who come to Ayia Napa for clubbing and amusement fundamentally. The quantity of the youthful travelers has rose in the most recent decades. Page and Connel (2009) contend that Sociocultural effects are straightforwardly related with the host network of the goal and happen when voyagers cause changes to the individual conduct, social connections, culture, way of life and worth frameworks of local people. Mathieson and Wall (1982) just as Wolf (1977) concur and furthermore express that the socio-social effects are the various impacts that travelers have on the host networks. Cooper et al (2008) note that the socio-social effects can be both, positive and negative. Divider and Mathieson (2008) guarantee that the vast majority of the effects are negative rather than the monetary effects that travel industry can have on a host goal. Affeld (1975, refered to in Wall and Mathieson, 2008) contends that the social and social effects of the travel industry fall into three classifications; the vacationer, the host and traveler have interrelationships. Fox (1977, refered to in Wall and Mathieson, 2008, pp. 220) states that â€Å"Th e social and social effects of the travel industry are the manner by which the travel industry is adding to changes in esteem frameworks, singular conduct, family structure and connections, aggregate ways of life, wellbeing levels, moral direct, imaginative articulations, customary services and network organisations†. Goeldner and Ritchie (2006) noticed that neighborhood people groups mentalities and method of life is dictated by the way guests

Understanding the Stigma Faced by Transgender Women

Understanding the Stigma Faced by Transgender Women Relationships LGBTQ Print Understanding the Stigma Faced by Transgender Women Discrimination Isnt Based on Evidence but Moral Panic By Elizabeth Boskey, PhD facebook twitter linkedin Elizabeth Boskey, PhD, MPH, CHES, is a social worker, adjunct lecturer, and expert writer in the field of sexually transmitted diseases. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Boskey, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Susan Olender, MD on December 18, 2016 Susan Olender, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City. Learn about our Medical Review Board Susan Olender, MD Updated on August 01, 2019 David Madison / Getty Images More in Relationships LGBTQ Spouses & Partners Violence and Abuse Transgender men and women face an incredible burden of discrimination in almost every aspect of their lives. Based on  a comprehensive survey of transgender discrimination published in 2016, the statistics are frightening. More than half of youth perceived as transgender have been harassed at school, with a quarter being physically attacked. Ten percent of all transgender individuals responding to the survey had been sexually assaulted in the previous year. More than fifty percent had been sexually assaulted in their lifetimes. Transgender people report discrimination in every setting you can imagine. They are harassed or discriminated against at home, at school, at work, and even in doctors offices. They are at enormous risk of suicide and depression. They suffer from disproportionate rates of various disease, including HIV. These burdens are even more intense for transgender people of color. Unfortunately, most peoples awareness of transgender issues is not the discrimination they face. There is far more discussion about the perceived threat to non-transgender people of giving transgender individuals equal rights and protection under the law. Bathroom Bills and Gender Panic In recent years, one of the ways that anti-transgender discrimination has become more visible is in public opposition to what is colloquially known as bathroom bills. Bathroom bills, more correctly called equal accommodation laws, are designed to allow transgender individuals to access the bathroom concordant with their gender identity. Transgender women can use the womens bathroom. Transgender men can use the mens bathroom. Unfortunately, many people are deeply opposed to these laws. The opposition is often said to be based on unfounded fears around sexual victimization. However, the reality is that it is more likely based on moral panic. Most stated concerns about equal access focus on the sexual and moral danger to women posited to occur when male-bodied women are allowed into traditionally women’s-only spaces.  Thats why groups  opposed to these laws often advocate by trying to  increase what some researchers refer to as gender panic. Gender panic refers to the threat that many people believe exists  when transgender women, who may still maintain their male genitalia, are allowed to enter women’s only spaces such as bathrooms. Rarely or never are similar concerns expressed about transgender men accessing men’s only spaces. This is presumably because women are seen as weak and vulnerable to being taken advantage of in a way that men are not. Similarly, transgender men are not seen as potential predators in the same way as transgender women, due to their early life female socialization. These concerns are fundamentally based on how our society talks about sex and gender. Our cultural norms assume that men are naturally disposed to being sexually aggressive and even predatory. They also assume that women have little ability to resist. Thats why one way to address this sort of gender panic is to educate people that having a penis does not make someone into either a man or into a sexual threat. Transgender women are women, whether or not they happen to have a penis. They are far more likely to experience sexual assault than commit it. In fact, their rates of sexual victimization are much higher than those of cis women. (Cis women are women who are assigned female at birth.) Did you know: Some activists use the term cis-gender to refer to people whose gender identity matches their assigned sex at birth. Others prefer to say non-transgender. The first group has a stated goal of getting rid of a transgender vs. normal dichotomy that has a long history of discussion. The second believes that it is more useful for people whose gender is the same as their assigned sex at birth to be categorized by what theyre not. Theyre not transgender. Rape Culture and Trans Misogyny Rape culture can make the presence of a penis in a historically female space seem dangerous, even if that penis is attached to another woman. Ironically, the way that femininity is associated with sexual vulnerability in American culture means that the very transgender women who are being framed as a threat by anti-accommodation activists are themselves often afraid of sexual victimization once they’ve transitioned and are living as women. The problematic assumptions are components of what is often called rape culture. Fortunately, they can be addressed  through education and changing cultural norms. Society must do a better job of teaching that just because someone is raised as male, they will not necessarily be sexually predatory. We must also do a better job of teaching that women have both power and agency in their own sexuality. Doing both these things would not only be helpful for society at large. It could also potentially reduce the perceived threat associated with transgender women who may or may  not still retain the visible sexual anatomy of a masculine body and are presumed unable to shed the psychological history of a masculine birth. Cultural education about gender identity could also help with these fears, as could explicit discussions of the fact that it is not the presence or absence of a penis that makes someone a man. Equal Access and Accommodation Equal accommodation laws are beneficial to the transgender population without posing significant financial or other difficulties to the population as a whole. Although the opposition is vocal, concerns are based in moral panic rather than on the evidence. Fortunately, history suggests that the best way to deal with discrimination based on moral panic is to reduce the legal acceptance of discrimination and segregation rather than enabling or tolerating it. Sixty years after Brown v. Board of Education, the majority of Americans find the notion of overt racial segregation unacceptable. With the proposed equal access legislation in place, gender identity-based intolerance and discomfort will hopefully go away as well.

Research Paper on Sales

Research Paper on Sales Business relationships have gone through a process of transformation and re-evaluation of the main concepts during the last decade mainly due to the fact that supply and demand sensitivity became more alerting for the firms to remain competitive on the market. Together with the growth of competition for almost all types of products and FMCG goods in particular, organization have brought on the surface the question of effective sales strategies. With that in mind the sales organization shifted on completely new level. In practical terms, it means that the question: â€Å"What is for sale?† got completely new look in organizational perspective. There are three major components of the effective sales management: Knowing your customer needs and expectations – understanding what customer needs, when comes to the shop, is an essential qualifier for the effective sales management. Understanding customer expectations, however, is the winner that will make this customer come back to your shop. Understanding of your competitors and your advantages and disadvantages over them your competition is the mirror of your competences and the best way to understand the gaps of the performance management and customer relationships. Support innovation and create unique competence – if you offer for sale the same or similar products to those that your competitors have on the shelves of their shops, it is a partial success that will generate the revenue in a short run. In order to sustain a long-term business, however, it is critical to develop unique competences that will distinguish your business from thousands of others. These three elements lie at the foundation for our research on the most successful organization that have chosen sales driven approach in the FMCG industry. The purpose of this research is to develop the knowledge base of truly effective and successful measures and schemes of transformation of the sales organization into the strategic division that understands modern business requirements.

Beethovens Life and Music After Napoleon Essay - 581 Words

Beethoven was a political composer. He stubbornly dedicated his art to the problems of human freedom, justice, progress, and community. The Third Symphony, probably Beethovens most influential work, centers around a funeral march provoking patriotic ceremonies from the French Revolution. Beethoven was a long time admirer of Napoleon Bonaparte. So he dedicated the symphony to Napoleon, but when Napoleon was proclaimed the Emperor of France, he scratched the dedication to Napoleon. This Symphony is cited as the marking end of Beethovens classical era and the beginning of musical Romanticism. But what of Beethoven after Napoleon? Beethovens life and music became worse after the Third Symphony was composed because of his reaction to†¦show more content†¦It is said by critics that the political content of Beethovens works after this only shows a negative relationship to the outer world. Theodor Adorno, one of those critics, interpreted Beethovens withdrawal from the affir mative manner of his heroic style as a negation of false promises of the Enlightenment and Revolution: The musical experience of the late Beethoven must have been mistrustful of the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, the roundness of the symphonic success, the totality emerging from the movement of all of the parts; in short, of everything that gave authenticity up to now to the works of his middle period.1 Napoleon becoming the Emperor was not the only reason he did not dedicate the Third Symphony to him. Beethoven was disappointed in Napoleons turn towards imperialism. Beethoven had a repressive, anti-liberal attitude that drove him into an inner emigration. Beethoven already started to lose his hearing way before his dedication to Napoleon. Becoming deaf made his life miserable, but he tried to come to terms with his condition. The most likely reason for his loss of hearing is probably because of lead poisoning. There were high amounts of lead found in his hair. Beethoven was often irascible and may have suffered from bipolar disorder and irritability brought on by chronic abdominal pain that has been attributed to possible lead poisoning Over time his hearing lossShow MoreRelatedLudwig Van Beethoven s Influence On The Classical Era938 Words   |  4 Pagesvan Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany in 1770. Beethoven’s talent was noticed at a young age and he soon became a pioneer in the world of music for breaking the traditional bounds of style and form. Over the course of his life, Beethoven produced nine symphonies, seven concertos, and a total of forty-two sonatas. Although these numbers are few when compared to other composers such as Joseph Haydn, his work was very substantial. Ludwig van Beethoven’s compositions were greatly influenced by the changesRead MoreThe Romantic Era Of Beethoven1709 Words   |  7 Pagesdreadful childhood in his music. At the age of twelve, Ludwig had symphonies imbedded in his mind and soul. He was a gifted composer who supported his family with his talent, he taught music and performed. Music was not enough to protect Ludwig from his abusive home life, his mother died and his father’s drinking grew worse. At nineteen years old Ludwig took over the family household. Ludwig van Beethoven was the most profound, incredible composer who lived in his music, endured endless sufferingRead MoreThe Symp hony Of Beethoven Symphony1556 Words   |  7 PagesBeethoven’s Seventh Symphony showed the world not only what a nearly perfect musical composition sounds like, but also the sheer relevance and absolute importance of historical context in the perception of music. 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The best well-known for his inspiring power and expressiveness music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a musical genius whose composed some of the most influential pieces of music ever written. During the Classical period, Beethoven’s compositions were the expression as oneRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : Composing A Legacy2575 Words   |  11 Pageshad no effect on the maestro. Deaf and dying, Ludwig van Beethoven was oblivious to his greatest moment of triumph. Beethoven’s situation was filled with irony. The fact that arguably the best composer of all time became deaf seems to be a cruel joke. However, deafness did not stop the creative genius of Beethoven, if anything it seemed to accelerate it. Throughout Beethoven’s composing career he composed 9 symphonies, 32 piano sonatas, one opera, five piano concertos, and 16 string quartets, all

The Social Reality of Violence and Violent Crime Free Essays

The book â€Å"The Social Reality of Violence and Violent Crime† by Henry H. Brownstein concerns a very critical and disturbing aspect of life of our modern society. Indeed, some of the most hotly debated topics today are in one way or another connected to violence, be they issues of adolescent crime, the high percentage of violent behavior at the workplace, in families, violence by drug addicts, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on The Social Reality of Violence and Violent Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now To put it simply – it must be acknowledged that the anxiety about violence as such within our society has become one of the most prominent elements of our world view. In this regard, the mentioned book by Henry H. Brownstein aims to accomplish a truly important task of uncovering the role that violence and violent crime play within our perception of the social reality that surrounds us. In accordance with this task and considering the complexity of the field of his study, the author of this work decided to maintain a live connection with his audience by means of collecting stories from real life, which helps to characterize violence and violent crime in the United States from points of view of both individuals and social groups. This approach of the author is really important as in this way he manages to convincingly show how violence may be perceived differently by different people, and how those differences in perception of violence have developed in our society during the last century. Thus, the author`s views on the perception of violence are to a large degree based on the principles of social constructivism which state that our knowledge is not completely objective, but rather is to a certain degree subjectivity constructed by existing social influences (Brownstein 1999, p.3). I think that the useful tool that helped the author to achieve his aim was his ability to meld together his personal narratives and experiences of other people related to violence with excerpts from reports of media, official statistics, and research. As the author opens each chapter with some story that helps readers properly understand what forms violence may take, where it exists, and what are probable reasons of its existence, readers can begin to see how all those complex and often seemingly separated from real life sociological concepts in fact stem from concrete historical and cultural conditions of our society. Indeed, even though it might sound quite sad, it seems that for many of us who were lucky to avoid personal encounters with violence it takes only shocking stories of real victims of violence and violent offenders to be able to see violence not as a merely dry statistics but as a terrible reality. At the same time, I think that one of the merits of Brownstein is that along with his personalized approach to interpretation of place of violence in our lives he nevertheless does not forget about more general social considerations and at the end of every chapter also discusses relevant social policies. This allusion to the realm of political decision-making is valuable as such because of the competence of the author, and at the same time it helps complete the picture of how violence is socially constructed, because policies towards violence too often impose upon us some fixed and almost compulsory perception of it. Finally, I feel that aside from his academic talent, Brownstein managed to convey to readers some fine nuances of his personal, even intimate, perception of violence. This is done in a very subtle way through his writing style and his ability to depict moods of people and his personal experiences. For example, he begins his book with a very impressive description of his visit to the infamous Sing Sing prison, and as he described his slow advance thought a series of security points and bars, I felt as if coming closer and closer to something truly terrible. However, the story of the man whom Brownstein interviewed in Sing Sing left me somewhat baffled due to its ambiguity. On one hand, the author described the case of a dangerous murderer, but on the other hand left me wondering whether the circumstantial evidence against him based on his cocaine usage was sufficient to be sure in his guilt. This story vividly illustrates the power of stereotypes that shape our perception of violence, and serves as a good start for the author`s endeavor to shed light on this complex phenomenon. Sources Brownstein, H., H. (1999). The Social Reality of Violence and Violent Crime. Allyn Bacon. How to cite The Social Reality of Violence and Violent Crime, Papers

Justice For All Essays - Social Inequality, African-American People

Justice For All? Over the last thirty years, minorities have been given a better chance to succeed in America by way of Affirmative Action. Recently, there has been a surge of non-minority Americans claiming reverse racism. Affirmative Action is now being called ?preferential treatment?. In the beginning, it was designed to help minorities have a more equal opportunity in the world. A group of non-minority Americans in California claimed that they were being denied admittance to universities in the admitting process. This led to Ward Connerly, a member of University of California Regents, promoting the anti Affirmative Action message (NLSPAC, 1). Proposition 209 bans both discrimination and preferential treatment to various minorities on the basis of race, creed, sex, or place of origin (NLSPAC, 1). Connerly does not clearly structure his mode of thought. His understanding of reality is not real pertaining to minorities. The social context of Affirmative Action is its origin in the Civil Rights Movement. It was designed to give minorities and women special consideration for contracts, employment, and education (Froomkin, 2). Connerly is not a woman and he does not acknowledge the fact that he is African American, a minority. Connerly owns a consulting firm and only divulges his race when necessary, ? I felt that it could be damaging to my business to be identified as a minority firm,? he says (Pooley, 4). Connerly does not understand or cannot relate to other minorities about the struggles that minority's face getting into corporate America. Since Connerly has already received his degree, owns his own business, and does not reveal his race for contracts, he does not understand what minorities who do not have these things go through. Therefore, his mode of thought is completely o bscured and distorted. I consider Connerly's group to be minorities. However, he cannot relate to his group because he does not speak the same language as his group. By language, I mean social attitude. Most minorities try to accept all of the help they can get. For instance, the government will defer a company's capital gains taxes indefinitely if that company sells a cable system to a partnership controlled by a minority (Birnbaum, 1). There have been other programs like this one where minorities benefited. This too will end if Affirmative Action is ended. Connerly does not understand that minorities still need special privileges to be as successful as non-minorities. He does not realize how much minorities stand to lose.. The meanings or opinions of a situation depend on which group you belong to in society. There are two different opinions to the same situation. One is held by minorities and the other by non-minorities. Connerly associates himself with the non-minorities. Connerly's inherited situation changed twice during his childhood. When he was four, his mother died and he was taken in by his middle class uncle and aunt (Pooley, 3). At age twelve, he went to live with his grandmother who was in the lower class bracket. It was during this time that Connerly's work ethic and also hate of his race began (Pooley, 3). He worked to help his grandmother and resented the fact he went to a lower income household. Connerly could not further his ways of knowing in his inherited situation because he disassociated himself from others in his race. This is due to struggles that he faced. Connerly's struggle with nature is one of his biggest problems. It is a natural fact that he was born a black male in the late 1930's in a lower class family. Civil Rights had not been established and he was considered an inferior citizen. Connerly wishes he could live in a colorblind society. Therefore, he could not be classified by something he wishes he were not. The struggle of an individual with another individual happens on a daily basis. Minorities and non-minorities compete for contracts, educational, and employment opportunities on a daily basis. This causes major conflict between people. Critics of Affirmative Action claim that schools rely too heavily on racial double standards (Gwynne, 2). Now that Affirmative Action is helping minorities, non-minorities are feeling the same effects of not getting jobs and contracts that they had been getting previously. The playing field is more equal and